20 Reasons why you should visit Bodoland Territorial Regions (BTR): A Hidden Gem of North East India

North East India is a region of diverse cultures, languages, landscapes, and wildlife. Among the eight states that constitute this region, Assam is the largest and most populous one. Within Assam, there is an autonomous region called Bodoland Territorial Regions (BTR), popularly known as Bodoland, which is home to the Bodo people and other indigenous communities. Bodoland is a hidden gem of North East India, as it offers a rich and unique experience of nature, culture, and history.

Bodoland covers an area of over nine thousand square kilometres, and comprises five districts: Kokrajhar, Chirang, Baksa, Udalguri and Tamulpur. It is located on the north bank of the Brahmaputra River, below the foothills of Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh. The region has a diverse terrain, ranging from plains and hills to forests and rivers. Bodoland is also a biodiversity hotspot, as it hosts a variety of flora and fauna, including the endangered golden langur, pygmy hog, and Bengal tiger, etc. The region is also home to two national parks, Manas National Park and Raimona National Park.

Bodoland is not only rich in natural resources, but also in cultural heritage. The Bodo people are the largest ethnic group in the region, and they have a distinct identity, language, and religion. The Bodo language belongs to the Tibeto-Burman family, and has its own script which is among the 22 Eighth Schedule Languages of the Indian Constitution. The Bodo religion “Bathwo” is based on the worship of five elements: earth, water, fire, air, and sky. The Bodo people also have a vibrant tradition of music, dance, art, and cuisine. Some of the famous festivals of the Bodo people are Bwisagu, Domachi, Amthisua, and Kathigasa, etc.

20 reasons why you should visit Bodoland Territorial Regions (BTR) and explore Bodo villages

1. BTR is home to two famous National Parks, Manas National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a biosphere reserve, where you can see a variety of wildlife, including the endangered golden langur (mascot of Bodoland), pygmy hog, Bengal tiger, Assam roofed turtle, hispid hare, etc. And Raimona National Park (newly declared national park in India) which is home to rich biodiversity, including the endangered golden langur, Asian elephants, Bengal tigers, clouded leopards, gaurs, chitals, hornbills, and many more species of animals and plants. Apart from that, Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary situated near Kokrajhar town is a protected area for critically endangered Golden Langur and the forest habitat of Indo-Bhutan border in Kokrajhar supports large number of Golden Langur population. Entire forest belt of Kokrajhar, especially Ultapani Reserve Forest, is popularly known as diverse butterfly species.
2. BTR is the heartland of the Bodo people, the largest ethnic group in Assam and other indigenous communities. They have a distinct identity, language, religion, and tradition. You can experience their culture, music, dance, art, cuisine, and festivals, such as Bwisagu, Domachi, Amthisua, and Kathigasa, etc.
3. BTR is a region of peace and progress. It has been granted autonomy and development by the central and state governments, and has been working towards community conservation, eco-tourism, education and livelihood improvement.
4. BTR is a region of adventure and excitement, as it offers various activities and experiences for the visitors. You can go for wildlife safaris, river rafting, trekking, camping, cycling and paragliding.
5. BTR is a region of scenic beauty, with diverse landscapes, such as the mustard fields, greenery of paddy fields, the Bhutan foothills, the Saralpara and Bogamati River. You can enjoy the views and take amazing photos.
6. BTR is a region of cross-border connectivity, as it shares its borders with Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh. You can cross the Indo-Bhutan border with valid documents issued by Govt. of India and visit nearest towns such as Gelephu, Phuensholing and Samdrup Jongkhar or explore the nearby areas of Arunachal Pradesh.
7. BTR is a region of cultural extravaganza, as it hosts the various festivals and fairs like, Baukhungri Festivals, Bwisagu Festivals, Domachi Festivals, Indo-Bhutan Friendship Mela, etc. where you can witness the performances, exhibitions, competitions, and cuisines of various communities and artists.
8. BTR is a region of rural charm, where you can visit the remote Bodo villages and experience their lifestyle, fishing techniques, agricultural activities, and rice beer making. You can also interact with the locals and learn about their stories and struggles.
9. BTR is a region of sunrise and sunset, where you can witness the spectacular colours of the sky at different times of the day. You can visit Kalamati, a hilltop near the Manas National Park, for an early sunrise and visit Saralpara and Dheer Beel (Kokrajhar) for a spectacular sunset.
10. BTR is a region of hidden gems where you can discover many places and things that are not well-known or popular but are worth exploring. You can visit the Bodoland Martyrs’ Cemetery, the Bodofa Cultural Complex, the Bodoland Museum, and the Bodo Weaving Centres, Markets in Kokrajhar, where you can buy many handmade traditional clothes, souvenirs and handicrafts.
11. BTR is a region of history and heritage, where you can learn about the past and present of the Bodo people and their struggle for autonomy and statehood. You can visit the Bodo Accord Monuments, Bodoland Territorial Regions Secretariat, and Cultural Centres in different places.
12. BTR is a region of spirituality and faith, where you can witness the diversity of religions and beliefs among the Bodo people and other communities. You can visit the most famous Bathou Traditional and Cultural Centre at Bagansali, Koktajhar and Hirimba Bathou Thansali, Udalguri where the Bodos worship the five elements of nature.
13. BTR is a region of art and craft, where you can admire the creativity and skill of the Bodo people and other artisans. You can see the colourful and intricate designs of the Bodo Dokhna, the traditional attire of the Bodo women, or the bamboo and cane products, such as baskets, mats, and furniture.
14. BTR is a region of music and dance, where you can enjoy the melodious and rhythmic expressions of the Bodo people and other performers. You can listen to the Bodo folk songs, melodies of traditional musical instruments like Serja, Kham, Sifung, Jotha, Torkha, Jabkring, etc. and watch the Bodo folk dances, such as Bagurumba, Kherai, Bardwisikla, etc.
15. BTR is a region of cuisine and delicacies, where you can taste the variety and flavour of the Bodo food and other dishes. You can try the Bodo cuisine, such as rice, fish, pork, and bamboo shoot, or the Bodo snacks, such as Pitha, Laru, Sworai, Sithao, etc.
16. BTR is a region of tea and coffee, where you can sip the refreshing and aromatic beverages of the Bodo people and other growers. You can visit the tea gardens, especially the Elephant-friendly tea garden of Mr. Tenzing Bodosa in Udalguri (First elephant-friendly tea garden in the World).
17. BTR is a region of festivals and celebrations, where you can join the fun and joy of the Bodo people and other communities. You can participate in the Bodo festivals, such as Bwisagu (New Year festival), Kherai (harvest festival), or the other festivals, such as Domachi, Amtisuwa, etc.
18. BTR is a region of sports and games, where you can watch or play the traditional and modern sports of the Bodo people and other enthusiasts. You can watch the Bodo martial arts, the Khomlainai (Bodo wrestling), or the other sports, such as football, cricket, and archery.
19. BTR is a region of education and empowerment, where you can see the progress and development of the Bodo people and other communities living in the region. You can visit the educational institutions, such as the Bodoland University, Central Institute of Technology (CIT) in Kokrajhar or the social organizations, such as the All Bodo Students’ Union (ABSU), Bodo Sahitya Sabha ((BSS), All Bodo Women’s Welfare Federation (ABWWF), etc.
20. BTR is a region of hospitality and warmth, where you can feel the friendliness and generosity of the Bodo people and other hosts. You can stay in the homestays, Lodges, or the resorts in tourist places.

These are some of the reasons why you should visit Bodoland Territorial Regions (BTR), a hidden gem of North East India. If you are looking for a destination that is offbeat, authentic, and diverse, then BTR is the place for you.

Why should our traditional cultural heritage be digitally archived?

Bwsrang Basumatary

Summary: The world we live in today is becoming increasingly globalized, and traditional cultural heritage is often forgotten or lost. It is of the utmost importance to preserve our traditional cultural heritage for future generations and research and development (R&D). This article will discuss why preserving our traditional cultural heritage is essential, how it can be done, and its benefits.

Let’s understand what an archive is!

An archive is a collection of historical records or documents preserved for long-term value. Archives can include paper documents, photographic records, audio recordings, video recordings, and other digital content. Archives are usually organized and maintained by an institution, such as a library, museum, government/non-government organizations or individuals.

Conventionally, an archive refers to all types of long-term storage, while a digital archive refers explicitly to the long-term storage of digital contents. An archive may contain physical documents, photographs, audio recordings, etc., while a digital archive would only contain digital records such as digital documents, images, audio, videos, etc. Digital archives are typically organized to facilitate access and use, allowing users to search and retrieve materials of interest. Digital archives are often used to preserve historical documents, artefacts, and other media for research, education, etc.

Is there any difference between digital archiving and preservation?

Yes, there is a difference between digital archiving and preservation. Digital archiving is the process of capturing and organizing digital objects, such as documents, images, audio, and video, for long-term storage and retrieval. Preservation, on the other hand, is the process of maintaining the integrity and accessibility of digital objects over time. Preservation may involve various activities, such as ensuring the authenticity and usability of digital objects. In addition, it may include managing file formats, migrating objects to various formats or storage media and other preservation strategies.

Digital archives as a preservation tool

Digital archives are increasingly recognized as an essential tool for preserving digital information. Digital archives provide a secure, long-term storage solution for digital material. It is possible to store and preserve digital records, documents, audio and video recordings, photographs, and other types of digital content. In addition to preserving digital information, digital archives can provide access to digital materials for future generations. Digital archives can be used to back up and archive digital content, ensuring that the data is secure and can be recovered if necessary. Digital archives can also facilitate the sharing of digital data across multiple users and systems, allowing for collaboration and sharing of digital content. Digital archives can also be used to store and manage digital content in an organized and efficient manner, making it easier to find and access specific digital content. Digital archives can be used for a variety of purposes, including:

1. Preserving digital content for research, teaching, and learning
2. Providing access to digital content for public use
3. Ensuring the long-term preservation of digital content
4. Helping to manage digital assets
5. Supporting digital curation and preservation processes
6. Supporting digital preservation initiatives
7. Supporting digital rights management and access control, etc.

What can be digitally archived and preserved?

Digital archives can include any type of digital media, such as photographs, documents, audio recordings, videos, podcasts, and websites. In addition to these types of media, digital archives can also be used to preserve and archive cultural heritage, such as artefacts, artwork, manuscripts, and other forms of cultural property.

How can we archive cultural heritage digitally?

One way to archive cultural heritage digitally is to create a digital repository of multimedia artefacts such as photos, videos, audio recordings, and documents. These items can be uploaded to the repository and organized into different collections or categories. Additionally, metadata such as creator, location, dates and item description can be added to the items to provide additional context to the repository. The repository can then be made accessible to the public through a web-based interface, allowing access to the cultural heritage collection from anywhere.

Tools and technology requirement for digital archiving

Tools and technology for digital archiving includes:

Hardware	Remarks
Computer, Mobile, Tablet, etc.	–
Camera	–
Scanner	–
Storage device	Pan drive, hard drives, solid state drives, CD/DVDs
Audio recorder	–

Software	Remarks
Operating Systems (OS)	Windows, Linux, Mac
Digital Preservation Software	Mukurtu, DSpace, Omeka, PastPerfect, Archivists’ Toolkit, CollectiveAccess
Content Management System (CMS)	Drupal, Joomla, WordPress, etc.
Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Software	Adobe Acrobat Pro and Nuance Power PDF, etc.
Video editing software	Eg. Adobe Premiere Pro, Apple Final Cut Pro, etc.
Audio recording and editing software	Eg. Adobe Audition, etc.
Image Processing and Compression Software	Adobe Photoshop and JPEGmini, etc.
Voice typing software	–
Character encoder	–
Digital Storage Media	cloud storage
Digital Rights Management (DRM)	–
Digital Asset Management Systems	Adobe Experience Manager, Canto Cumulus, and MediaBeacon
Search Engine Optimization (SEO)	–
Visitor record / uses metrics	Plugin
AI tools	use AI tools as per requirement

The following points must be remembered to follow uniformity and standard.

Metadata Standards	Dublin Core (DC), Encoded Archival Description (EAD), Machine-Readable Cataloging (MARC), Metadata Encoding & Transmission Standard (METS), or as per the availability in the platform
Filling metadata	Fill all the metadata accurately
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)	Assign Digital Object Identifier (DOI) for each content
Photo, Audio, Video resolution	Follow defined resolution
Brightness, contrast, colour adjustment	Follow uniformity (try to keep as original)
Avoid sharing files through social media	–
Avoid multiple times editing	–
Assign multiple suitable keywords	–
If possible link to other similar contents	It is possible in Mukurtu
Rights declaration	Add right declaration for each content (if any)
Keep raw contents for future use	–
Regularly back up	–
Maintain a catalogue records	If possible both online as well as offline

What software options are available for digital archiving?

1. Mukurtu: Mukurtu is an open source content management system and digital access tool designed to help Indigenous communities manage, share, and exchange cultural heritage information.
2. DSpace: DSpace is an open-source digital preservation and archiving software solution designed to help institutions manage, preserve, and share digital resources.
3. Omeka: Omeka is an open-source web-publishing platform designed for archiving and exhibiting digital cultural heritage.
4. PastPerfect: PastPerfect is a comprehensive museum and archival software solution designed to help cultural heritage organizations manage collections, catalogs, exhibits, and more.
5. Archivists’ Toolkit: Archivists’ Toolkit is an open-source software solution designed to help archivists and librarians manage collections and catalogs.
6. CollectiveAccess: CollectiveAccess is an open-source software solution designed to help cultural heritage organizations manage and share their collections.

Archiving traditional cultural heritage

Archiving traditional cultural heritage is an essential part of preserving the history and identity of a community. In a globalized world, it is essential to ensure that a culture’s knowledge, values, and practices are preserved as it evolves over time. By archiving traditional cultural heritage, we can ensure that the culture can maintain its unique identity and pass on its fundamental values and beliefs to future generations.

Archiving traditional cultural heritage involves collecting, preserving, and making available information about a culture’s history and practice. This includes collecting oral stories, recordings of traditional music, photographs of traditional dress and artefacts, and other items related to the culture. This information can be made available to the public through museums, libraries, archives, and other repositories.

Archiving traditional cultural heritage is essential for several reasons. It allows us to gain an understanding of our ancestral roots and to appreciate the knowledge and practices that have been passed down from generation to generation. Moreover, it ensures that cultural values and beliefs are preserved over time. It can provide a source of inspiration for future generations, allowing them to understand the culture’s history and impact on the world.

Archiving traditional cultural heritage can also promote understanding and appreciation of other cultures. Making information about a culture’s past available to the public can promote a deeper understanding and appreciation of different cultures, helping to counter stereotypes and reduce prejudice.

Importance of cultural digital archives for research and development (R&D)

The cultural digital archive is an invaluable resource for research and development (R&D). It allows researchers to access a vast array of information that can help them better understand a particular community’s past and present culture. This can be especially useful for history, anthropology, and other cultural studies. The archive also serves as a platform for developing new ideas and concepts, as it contains a wealth of information that can inspire innovative thinking. Additionally, the digital archive can track changes over time, enabling researchers to understand a particular culture’s evolution better. Finally, the archive can facilitate collaborations between researchers, allowing them to share their work and ideas more easily.

Conclusion

Digitally archiving our traditional cultural heritage is essential to preserving our collective history and identity. It provides us with an opportunity to share our knowledge and stories with future generations and to be able to access them in an easily accessible format. Digitally archiving our traditional cultural heritage is essential for understanding our past and creating a better future. It is also a way to honour and preserve the culture, customs, and beliefs passed down through generations. By digitally preserving our rich cultural heritage, we are ensuring that our history and culture will remain alive and accessible for many generations to come.

18 मे: बर’ बिजों सान

1963 इं माइथायनि 18 मे खालि बर’ रावा बिजों महरै गुदि फरायसालियाव सोसन जादोंमोन।

बर’ राव जौगाबोनायनि सुंद’ फोरमायथि:

—बर’ रावा बिजों महरै 18 मे 1963 इं माइथायाव गुदि फरायसालियाव सोसन जादोंमोन ।

—अल इण्डिया रेदिअ’ गुवाहाटीयाव 1963 माइथायाव बर’ आयदा थिसनजेनदोंमोन।

—गेजेर फरायसालिआव 1968 इं माइथायनि 2 एफ्रिल आव सोसन जादोंमोन।

—बर’ रावजों गिबि खेब मेठ्रिक आनजादखौ 1975 इं माइथायाव लिरजेनदोंमोन।

—गुवाहाति मुलुगसोलोंसालिनि सिङाव MIL आयदा हिसाबै 1977 इं माइथायनि 26 मे निफ्राय जागाय जेनदोंमोन।

—आसामनि लोगो मावख’वारि राव महरै गोबांसिन बर’ सुबुंफोर थानाय ओनसोलफोराव 1985 इं माइथायाव थिसनदोंमोन।

—डिब्रुगड़ मुलुगसोलोंसालिनि सिङाव MIL आयदा हिसाबै 1994 इं माइथायनि 22 आगष्त निफ्राय जागाय जेनदोंमोन।

—गुवाहाति मुलुगसोलोंसालिनि सिङाव MA आयदा हिसाबै 1996 इं माइथायाव थिसनजेनदोंमोन।

—इलेकटिभ आयदा हिसाबै गुवाहाति मुलुगसोलोंसालिआव 1999 इं माइथायाव थिसनदोंमोन।

—भारत संबिजिरनि 8 थि फारियाव बर’ रावा 22 डिसेम्बर 2003 इं माइथायाव थिसनजादोंमोन ।

—UPSC आनजादआव राव आयदा हिसाबै 2005 इं माइथायाव थिसनजादोंमोन।

—गुवाहाति मुलुगसोलोंसालिनि सिङाव मेजर आयदा हिसाबै 2006 इं माइथायाव थिसनजादोंमोन।

बेफोरजों लोगोसे थांनाय 2020 इं माइथायनि 27 जानुवारिआव जालांनाय बर’ गोरोबथानि 6 थि दपाफोरखौ नोजोर होयोब्ला बर रावनि जौगा खांनायनि इयुना गोजों जाबोनायखौ नुहुरो । बेनि थाखाय गासै बर’ माहारिया बर’ राव जौगाखांनायनि थाखाय हाबा मावनांगोन।

👉 नोंथांनि बर’ रावखौ अनसायनाया हारिनि थाखाय गिदिर बिहोमा।

👉 बर’ बिजोंजों सोलोंथाइ लानो हो।

👉 नोंथांनि बर’ रावखौ रायज्लायनो लाजिनाया हारिनि खहा लाबोगोन।

👉 नोंथाङा दिनैनिफ्राय मावख’वारि फोसावबिलाइ आरो लायजामफोरखौ बर’ रावजों लिर।

👉 बर’ रावखौ सोदांनांगौ दं, आरो सोदोबफोरनि गोनांथि दंबावो, जायखौ जों थाबैनो मावनांगोन। अब्ला डिजिटाइज खालामनायाव बारा हेंथा सोमजिनाय नङा।

👉 गुबुन बिजोंनि फरायसालि, फरायसालिमा आरो मुलुगसोलोंसालिनि थाखो खथायाव एसेब्लाबो गेजेर गेजेर बर’ रावखौ बाहाय। बर’ फरायसाफोरनि हेफाजाब जागोन आरो एसेब्लाबो गुबुना खोमायाव हाबगोन।

👉 गुबुन राव रायज्लायना गावखौ गोरों सान्ना लानाय आरो देरगानाया गिदिर गोरोन्थि।

👉 दिथागिरिफोरा उन्दै गथ’फोरनो जेरावखिथाया बर’रावखौ रायज्लायनो आरो लिरनो थुलुंगा हो।

👉 बर’ राव रायै गुबुनखौ बर’ रावनि गियान होनो नाजा।

👉 बड’लेण्डनि सिङाव थानाय सोलोंथाइ फसंथानफोर आरो मावख’ फोराव थानाय गुबुन बर’ नङै सुबुंफोरखौ बर’रावनि फोरोंथाय हो। बिथांमोननि सानफ्रोमबो सोलिनायाव खामानि होगोन आरो बर’ रावाबो एसेब्लाबो गुबुननि अनसायनाय मोननो हागोन।

👉 फरायसाफोरा बर’ रावनि सायाव बिजिरसंनाय हाबाफारियाव गावखौ बावसोम।

👉 बर’ रावनि लिरबिदां, बिजिरसंनाय बिलाइ आरो बिजाबफोर सोरजियोब्ला बर’ राव आरो थुनलायनि बिहोमा होनाय जागोन।

👉 बर’ रावनि बिजाबफोरखौ डिजिटाइज खालामोब्ला बर’ रावा गुवारसिनै अनसायनाय मोननो हागोन।

👉 बर’ IT professional फोरा बर’ रावनि मबाइल एप्लिकेसन, वेबसाइटफोर दिहुन्नांगौ।

👉 बर’ ससियेल मेडिया बाहायगिरि (इनफ्लुइसार) फोरा बर’ रावनि ब्लग (blogs) एबा लिरबिदांफोर (content) फोसावोब्ला मोजां।

👉 बड’लेण्डनि सिङाव थानाय सोलोंथाइ फसंथानफोर आरो मावखुलिफोरनि इनटारभिउफोराव बर’ राव बाहायथारनांगौ।

Bodo Medium Day: 18th May

On 18th May, 1963 the Bodo language was first introduced as a medium of instruction in primary schools.

Development at a glance:

The Bodo medium was introduced in ME schools on April 2nd 1968. The first batch of Bodo-medium students appeared in the HSLC examination in 1975, introduced as MIL subjects in colleges under Guwahati University on May 26th 1977, recognized as MIL in Guwahati University on January 25th 1980, declared as an associate official language in 1985 in the Districts and Subdivisions having substantial Bodo population, recognized as MIL in colleges under Dibrugarh University on August 22nd 1994, recognized as elective subject in colleges under Guwahati University in 1999, Bodo language included into eight scheduled on December 22nd 2003, recognized as regional language in UPSC examination on December 3rd 2005, recognized as Major Subject in Colleges under Guwahati University on January 18th 2006 and Assam Higher Secondary Education council recognized Bodo language as advance language in 2006, introduced in UGC NET examination in 2011.

It is now being taught in reputed Universities of Assam including Guwahati University, Bodoland University, Dibrugarh University and Cotton University. The most recent development of the Bodo Medium is that, as per the the BTR accord, Government will initiate various developmental agendas of Bodo medium education and language development through the spirit of Clause 6 of the Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR) accord in the state.

बर’ बिमा सान : बड’लेण्ड गिबि मुंख्लं जोहोलावजोफोरनि आगान सं दान्नानै इज्रिदगासे

-बोस्रां बसुमतारी

1988 मायथायनि मे दान I बड’फा उफेन्द्र’नाथ ब्रह्मनि दैदेनायाव दुलाराय बर’ फरायसा आफादनि आलादा रायजो बड’लेण्ड सोमावसारनायनि मुखुब सम I बर’ गामि गामि, नखर नखर फुलिस मिलितारिफोरनि सोफै सोफैया सामफ्रामबोनि रुतिनखासै I माब्लाबा बर’फोरनि न’ न’ हाबनानै बुग्लुं सुग्लुं खालामनाय माब्लाबा हमख्रब हमख्राब गारियाव दैखांनानै लाना थांनाय, माब्लाबा न’ बां बुसिलांनाय, माब्लाबा इसानसालिनि जि दानायखौ दानस’ना गालांनाय आरो खाबु लानानै आयजोफोरनि सायाव गाज्रि आखु बाहायनाया जाफ्लायबाय थानाय जाथाय I गामि गामि थानाय जानायनि आरो उन्दुनायनि सुख गैया I हौवा मानसिफोरा नआव उन्दुनो हाया I

सानसेखालिनि बाथ्रा – 1988 मायथायनि मे दान 11 अक्ट’नि मोनाबिलि I जेरावबो बड’लेण्ड सोमावसारनायनि दुं-दुं हाव हाव सम I मोनाबिलि उनुमान 9:00 रिंगासो समाव सरकारनि गुन्दै जाग्रा रौनिया हानजाफोरा सोमावसारगिरि बर’ जोहोलावफोरखौ नागिरनायनि असिलायै बर’ गामि गामि हाबदों I बेबादिनो गसायगाव ओनसोलनि साखाथि फाखाथि बर’ गामिफोर सरायबिल, रायमाना, मथामबिल, जमदुवार बायदि बायदि बर’ गामिफोरनि गेजेर गेजेर हुर हुर गारि सालाय लांदों I बर’ गामि गामि बयनिबो गोसोआव गिखांनाय सोमजिदों I हे गसाय…….! दिनैबा मा जालायगोन……! गोसोआव गिखांनाय लानानैबाबो रायजो राजाफोरा हिनजाव हौवा खौसे जाना ज’ जादों आरो थिरांथा लादों – सोरबा बर’ सोमावसारगिरि जोहोलावखौ हमनानै फुलिसफोरा लांनो नाजायोब्ला माब्लाबाबो हगारनाय नङा आरो जेरैबाबो फुलिसनिफ्राय बिख’नानै लाखिगोन…..I जेरै सान्नाय एरैनो जामारबाय, फुलिसफोरा माखासेमानि दाय गैयै बर’ मानसिफोरखौ हमनानै गावसिनि गारियाव दैखांनानै लामारबाय I ओजों गामिनि लामा सेर सेर बयबो हौवा हिनजाव रायजोफोरा सेर फाखायना लामायाव नेनानै दंखासैमोन I थांखिया बेनोदि सोरबा बर’ सोमावसारगिरि जोहोलावखौ हमनानै फुलिसफोरा लांनो नाजायोब्ला हमथानानै लाखिनाय I गमा मायैनो फुलिस गारिया ओंखारबोनानै रायमाना आरो मथामबिल गामि सौफैबाय I बे समाव गामिनि बयबो ज’ ज’ लामायाव थुबुर जाना दंखासैमोन I बे थुबुरनि गेजेरावनो दंमोन हेलेना बसुमतारि आरो गायदे बसुमतारिआबो I खारस्लिउ खारस्लिउ फुलिसनि गारिखौ ज’ ज’ होसोदों I रथ’…रथ’…..गारिया लाखि….गारिया लाखि……I नाथाय गारिया खारगासिनो खारदों I बेबादिनो हिनजाव हौवा गामिनि रायजोफ्राबो गारिखौ उन उन होसोनो गाराखै, जै बर’ हारिनि…….जै….. जै बड’लेण्डनि जै…….बर’सा देरहासार………हमना लांनाय मानसिखौ हगारनांगौ……हगारनांगौ …. बायदि बायदि स्ल’गान होनानै गारिनि उन उन होसोदों I ससे गोलाव थांनानै फुलिसनि गारिया दोम लाखिहैनायसै I थुब्रासे आयजोफोरा सिगां सिगां, ग्रिद ग्रिद आवगायनानै हमानानै लांनाय मानसिफोरखौ बिख’नो थांदों I नाथाय गोसो गाज्रि सरकारनि गुन्दै जाग्रा फुलिसफोरा खाथियाव थांहोवाखिसै आरो थुबुरनि गेजेराव गुलि गावग्लुंनायसै I बेवनो बिखा फोरदान्नानै अरायबो बर’नि उदांस्रिनि थाखाय जुजिनो ओंखारनाय जोहोलावफोरखौ रैखा खालामनो थांनाय सानै बर’ जोहोलावजो हेलेना बसुमतारि आरो गायदे बसुमतारिनि देहायाव फुलिसनि गुलिआ नांनायसै आरो जिउ गोमानायसै  I बेबादिनो सानै जोहोलावजोनि जिउआ 1988 मायथायनि मे दाननि 12 अक्ट’खालि बे बुहुमनिफ्राय अनज्रायलाङो I

बैसोर जोहोलाव जोहोलावजोफोरनि जिउ बावनायनि थाखायसो जों दिनै फेरलेबसेब्लाबो राजखान्थियारि मोन्थायखौ मोन्नो हादों I बैसोर जोहोलाव जोहोलावजोफोरनि माहारिनि सायाव गाबखांनाय आरो बिहोमाखौ जों बुंनानै फोजोबनो हाया I जोंनि सिबिनाया थोजासे नङा I बेबादिनो गोबां जोहोलावजोफोर दं, जायफोरा सोमावसारनायाव मैखोम बाहागो लाबोदोंमोन, फुलिसनि बुलि जाबोनांदोंमोन, जिनाहारि खालामजानांदोंमोन साखाथिनि गुबुन बड’लेण्ड सोमावसारनायनि बेरेखा हारिफोरजों फान्दायजादोंमोन, सुबुंगौमाफोराव थांबा अन्थाय खुबैजादोंमोन I जायफोर जोहोलावजोफोरखौ दिनैनि दिनाव जों थोजासे मान होनो हायाखै I बिसोरनि गोलोमदै आरो देहानि थैजों लाबोनाय दखरसे खुंथायनि गोहो BTR खौ सामलाइगिरिफोरनि सायाव गोबां बिबान दं I दिनैबो बर’ गामि गामि’ गोबां बर’ दावहारु आयजोफोर दं जायफोरा सोमावसारनाय समाव हेफाजाब होबोदों, सोरबा दावहारुनि जखम जानाय देहाखौ दोनखोमा दोनखोमा हाग्रा बंग्रा जोथोन लाबोदों, नार्स ट्रेइनिं लाब्रबनानै जखम जानाय जोहोलावफोरखौ फाहामबोदों, जानाय लोंनाय जगार खालामना होबोदों….. बैसोरबो बर’नि थै गोनां थार जोहोलावजोफोर I जों दिनै बिसोरखौबो सिबिनांगोन I बिसोरनि दुखुथियायै जिउ खुंनाय नखरफोरखौ नायसननांगोन I अराय मान होनांगोन I

इन्टारनेत आरो सचियेल मेडियाफोरखौ सोलोंथाय, संजिरनाय आरो जौगानायनि हाबायाव बाहाय

(Use Internet and Social media tools for Education, Research and Development)

©Bwsrang Basumatary

Internet Technology

इन्टारनेतआ मोनसे नेतवार्क, जाय मुलुगनि कमफिउटारफोरखौ आरो मुलुगनि सुबुंफोरखौ लोगोसे खालामनो थाखाय फोनांजाबो आरो खौरां दैथायनायनि बिजों जगायनानै होयो I जों जोंनि कमफिउटार आरो मबाइलफोरखौ इन्टारनेतनि जोहै फोनांजाबनानै बायदि-मैया हाबा मावनो हायो I आथिखालाव इन्टारनेतनि हेफाजाबै गोख्रै खौरां दैथायनो हायो, सोलोंथाइ लानो हायो, गान बाजोना नायनो हायो, केला गेलेनो हायो, बेफार-फालांगि खालामनो हायो आरो बायदि बायदि I 1962 माइथायाव बे सोमोनांथाव इन्टारनेतनि जोनोमखौ गिबिथारै होदोंमोन आमेरिका जुथाय हादरनि सानथ्रिफोरा I जानांगौ बिथांमोनहा गावसोरनि रैखाथि आरो स्फेसियेल अफारेसनफोराव गुसु दावहानि समाव इन्टारनेतखौ बाहायदोंमोन I बेनि उनाव 1989 माइथायाव तिम बारनार्स लि मुंनि सासे कमफिउटार बिगियानगिरिया World Wide Web (WWW) नि जोनोम होदोंमोन I WWW आ मोनसे बिजों, जायनि गेजेरजों इन्टारनेतनि जोहै ब्राउजार (Browser) बाहायनानै दंनायमानि अनलाइन खौरां दिहुननो हायो I इन्टारनेतनि जौगानायखौ नायनानै बिगियानगिरिफोरा वेब (Web) खौ माखासे बाहागोआव बोखावदों, बेफोरखौ जों गाहायाव होनायबादि सावरायनो हायो –

वेब 1.0 (Web 1.0):

वेब (Web) 1.0 आ जाबाय गिबि थाखोनि वेब (Web) I बे वेब (Web) आ दिदोम (Static) आरो बेनि गेजेरजों बाहायगिरिफोरा जेबो फिनजाथाय खालामनो हाया एबा गावनि बिसारखौ गुबुननि सिगाङाव लाखिनो हाया I बिदिन्थि बादियै जों HTML वेबसाइतफोरखौ लानो हायो, जेराव बाहायगिरिफोरा नायनानै थानायनि अनगा जेबो सोंनाय फिन्नाय खालामनो हाया I बुंनो थाङोब्ला बे वेब (Web) खौ खालि बबेबा फसंथान आरो कम्पानिफोरनि खौरां फोसावनायफोराव बांसिनै बाहायबोदों I

वेब 2.0 (Web 2.0):

Web 2.0 Applications

वेब (Web) 2.0 आ जाबाय नैथि जेनेरेचननि वेब (Web) I जायखौ जों ससियेल मेडियानि वेब (Web) बो बुङो I बे थाखोनि वेब (Web) आव बाहायगिरिफोरा गावजोंगाव मोगा मोगि खालामनो, गुबुननि बिबुंथिनि सायाव गावनि बिसारखौ लाखिनो हायो, गावनो गाव आयदाफोर सुजुनो हायो, खौरां फोसावनो आरो खम समनि गेजेरावनो गोबां बाहायगिरिफोरनिसिम खौरां दैथायहरनो हायो I बे थाखोआवनो (वेब 2.0) गोबां रोखोमनि कमफिउटार आरो मबाइल एफ्लिकेचनफोरनि जोनोमा जादों I ससियेल मेडिया एफ्लिकेचनफोर जेरै – Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, YouTube बायदि बायदिफोरा जोनोम जादों I

वेब 3.0 (Web 3.0):

वेब 3.0 खौ Semantic Web बो बुङो I बे थाखोनि वेब (Web) आ सिगांनि वेबनिफ्राय बांसिन हुसियार, आरो गियानिसिन I जायखौ जों इंराजियाव इन्तेलिजेन्ट होन्ना बुङो I बे थाखोनि वेब आ जेब्ला बाहायगिरिया वेब आव हाबगोन बे समाव ब्राउजारआ गावनो बाहायगिरिनि गोनांथिखौ हमदांनो हायो I बे थाखोनि वेबआव मानसि आरो कम्फिउटारनि सोमोनदोआ खाथिसिन जायो I बाहायगिरिफोरा गोरलैसिनै नांगौबादि बाहायनो हायो आरो खौरां दिहुननो आरो फोसावनो गोरलैसिन जायो I आथिखालाव गोबां गिदोर गिदोर कम्फानिफोर आरो अनलाइन फालांगियाव वेब 3.0 तेक्न’लजिखौ बाहायो I

वेब 2.0 (Web 2.0) एफ्लिकेचनफोर आर गोजौआव सावरायनायबादि वेब (Web) 2.0 खौ सचियेल वेब एबा सचियेल मेडिया वेबबो बुङो I जायनि जोनोमा 2004 मायथायाव जादोंमोन I सचियेल मेडिया होन्नानै बुङोब्ला जोंनि गोसोआव Facebook, Whatsapp, Instagram, Twitter, LinkeIn, Pinterest, Telegram बायदि बायदिफोरा गिबियै बेरखाफैयो I नंगौ, बैफोर वेबफोरा वेब 2.0 नि मोनफा मोनफा एफ्लिकेचनफोर एबा मुंदांखा सचियेल मेडिया एफ्लिकेचनफोर I जायखौ जों सानफ्रोमबोनि जिउआव बाहायबोबाय थादों I

बेफोरजों लोगोसे गोबां सचियेल मेडियाफोर दंबावो एबा वेब 2.0 एफ्लिकेचनफोर दं जायखौ जों बाहायफेरा एबा खम बिबांनि बाहायो I बैफोरखौबो जों सोलोंथायनि हाबायाव बाहायनो हायो I बेनि अनगायैबो माखासे सोलोंथायजों थोंजों सोमोनदो गोनां सचियेलमेडिया आरो वेब (Web) फर्टेलफोर दं जायखौ जोंनि फरायसा, फोरोंगिरि आरो संजिरगिरिफोरा बाहायनो हायो I

सचियेल मेडियानि आखुथाय आरो दाथायफोरखौ नायनानै जों माखासे बाहागो खालामनानै सावरायनो हायो:

1. गोख्रै खौरां दैथायग्रा (Instant messaging): गोख्रै खौरां दैथायग्रा बिजों हिसाबै जों मोननो हायो – WhatsApp आरो Facebook Messenger खौ I जायनि जोहै जोबोद गोख्रैयै एबा खम समनि गेजेराव गोनां खौरांफोरखौ दैथायलायनो हायो I बेनि गेजेरजों जों माखासे बाहायगिरिफोरखौ सोद्रोमा माहरै लानानै हानजा जुथिनो हायो, लाइभ केमेरानि जोहै नुथायजों लोगोसे सावरायनो हायो I बे खाबुखौ लानानै जों सोलोंथायजों सोमोन्दो थानाय माखासे हाबाफोरावबो हानजा जुथिनानै रोंगौसाफोरजों गाव रोङैखौ सावरायलायनो हायो आरो सोलोंनो हायो I
2. सुबुं फोनांजाबग्रा बिजोंफोर (Social Networking Site): सुबुं फोनांजाबग्रा बिजों महरै Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, GooglePlus, Skype बायदिफोरा मखजाथाव आरो बयजोंबो बांसिनै बाहायजानाय I Facebook आ मुंदांखा मोनसे सुबुं फोनांजाबग्रा बिजों I जेराव जों मुलुगनि सुबुंफोरखौ गावनि लोगो खालामनो हायो आरो बिसोरजों सावरायनो हायो I Twitter खौ Micro Blogging Site बो बुङो I जायनि जोहै जों खम समनि गेजेरावनो गोबां गोदान खौरां लानो आरो फोसावनो हायो I LinkedIn, GooglePlus खौ Professional Networking Site बुंजायो I गुबुन गुबुन आयदानि रोंगौसा (Professional) फोरनि मोनसे Virtual Platform एबा थावनि I सोलोंथाय आरो साख्रि बाख्रिनि खौरां लानो मोजां बिजोंफोर I

दिनै गोबां गेदेमा सुबुंफोर, सोलोंथायनि फसंथानफोर, रिचार्ज चेन्टारफोरा गावहानो सचियेल मेडियानि account फोर थासै I बैफोरनि गेजेरजों जों गोबां गोनां खौरां बुथुमनो हायो I बाथ्राया बेल’दि जों बेखौ मोजां लामायाव बाहायनांगौ I सरकारि आरो बेसरकारि सोलोंथाइजों सोमोन्दो गोनां फसंथानफोरनि Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, GooglePlus account फोराव थांनानै बैफोर Page फोरखौ Like एबा Subscribe खालामनानै लायोबा बैफोर फसंथानफोरनि आरो सोलोंथायजों सोमोन्दो गोनां खौरां मोननो हायो I बैफोर फसंथानफोरनि Admission, Recruitment फोरनि गोरलैयै खौरां लानो हायो I बेबादिनो सरकारि फसंथानफोरनि सचियेल मेडिया Page फोरखौ Like एबा Subscribe खालामनानै लायोबा बैफोर फसंथानफोरनि खौरां, सरकारनि गोदान मावथांखिफोर, सरकारआ बानायनाय गोदान Scheme फोरनि सोमोन्दै मिथिनो हायो I बैफोरबादि खौरां आरो सरासनस्रा गियानफोरा (current affairs) जोंनि सोलोंथाय आरो जिउ राहा दानायनि (career) थाखाय जोबोद गोनांथार I

• भिदिअ’ फोसावनायनि बिजों (Video Sharing): Youtube, TED-Ed फोरा आथिखालाव जोबनो गैयै बायदि मैया खौरांनि फुंखा I सोलोंथायनि आयदाफोरजों लोगोसे गोबां हाबा हुखा, दामनाय देनाय, आबाद मावनाय, गाहाम देहा लाखिनाय बायदि बायदि गोबां फोरोंथाय भिदिअ’ मोननो हायो I जों बैफोरखौ नायनानै गावनो गाव सोलोंनो हायो I गाव रोंनायखौ भिदिअ’नि जोहै गुबुननोबो फोरोंनो हायो I
• ब्लगस/भ्लगस (Blogs): बेयो जाबाय बाहायगिरिफोरा गावनो गाव सुजुनाय मोनसे दायरि बादि I बेसेन नाङाजासे वेबसाइट बानायनानै जेराव गावनि रोंगौथिखौ लिरथुमनो हायो – जेरै खन्थाइ, रायथाइ, सल’, दावबायनाय लिरनाय, जिउखौरां बायदि बायदि I वेब (Web) आव थानायलाय बेखौ बयबो बाहायगिरिफोरा जेरावखि थायामानो इन्टारनेत कानेक्त खालामनानै मबाइल, टेब्लेत आरो कम्फिउटारनि जोहै फरायनो हायो आरो लिरगिरिया गावबो गुबुननो दैथायहरनो हायो I बेनि गेजेरजों जोंनि लिरनाय, फरायनाय आरो सरासनस्रा गियानखौ बारायहोनो हायो I बिदिन्थि महरै- WordPress, Blogger, Wixsite बायदि बायदिफोरा मख’जाथाव I
• खौसेयै हाबा मावनायनि थावनि (Collaborative Workspace): जेरै Pbworks / My PBworks, Google Sheet, Google Document, TeamViewer बायदि बायदि I बैफोरखौ बाहायनानै जों दाबसे जायगायाव ज’ जिरायालाबानो गुबुन गुबुन जायगायाव थानानैबो इन्टारनेत कानेक्त खालामनानै मबाइल, टेब्लेत आरो कम्फिउटारनि हेफाजाबै मोनसे हाबाखौ जयै मावनो हायो I जायखिजाया लोगोजों मावनां हाबाफोरखौ गावबागाव User ID बानायनानै जयै मावनो हायो I
• बुकमार्कखिं (Social Bookmarking Sites): माखासे गोनांथार बाथ्राफोरखौ जों जेरै गोसोआव लाखियो, नाथाय बेयो अरायजोर गोसोआव थाबाय थाया I जायनि थाखाय जों दायरियाव लिरना दोनो, थिक बेबादिनो बुकमार्कखिंआ माखासे एफ्लिकेचन टेक्न’लजि, जेराव जों माखासे गोनांथार वेबसाइटफोरखौ बैफोर Site फोरआव बुकमार्क खालामनानै एबा लिरथुमनानै दोन्नो हायो आरो जेरावखि थाङा मबाइल, टेब्लेत आरो कम्फिउटारनि हेफाजाबै बाहायनो हायो I जेरै- Delicious, Digg, Bundlr, Flipboard फोरा मुंदांखा बुकमार्कखिं साइटफोर I

बेफोर गोजौआव सावरायनायफोरनि अनगायैबो दिनै जोबनो गैयै सचियेल मेडियाफोर दंसै, जायफोरा गावबागाव गुबुन गुबुन थांखि (Purpose) फोरजों बानायजानाय I खायफाया खौरां फोसावनायनि थाखिजों, खायफाया सोलोंथायनि थांखिजों, खायफाया रंजा-बाजा, खायफाया गेलेनायजों सोमोनदो थानाय, खायफाया देहा फाहामनायजों सोमोनदो गोनां आरो बायदि बायदि, जायखौ जों सावरायना फोजोबनो हाया I

सोलोंथायजों थोंजों सोमोन्दो थानाय माखासे वेब (Web) फर्टेलफोर:

सोलोंथायजों थोंजों सोमोन्दो थानाय माखासे सचियेल मेडिया आरो वेब (Web) फर्टेलफोर (बिजोंफोर) दं जायफोरा सरकारि आरो बेसरकारि फसंथानफोरजों दिहुन जानाय आरो सामलायजानाय I सोलोंथाय, संजिरनाय आरो जौगानायनि बिथिङाव मोन्नैबो जोबनो गैयै बिहोमा होबोदों आरो e-Learning नि गोहोमखौ दिनैनि समाजाव बारायना होदों I सोलोंथायजों सोमोनदो थानाय मोन्नैसो मख’जाथाव बिजोंफोरा जाबाय:

1. Academia: सोलोंथायजों सोमोनदो गोनां मोनसे सचियेल नेटवार्क I फरायसाफोर आरो संजिरगिरि (Research Scholar) फोरनि Article, Research Paper फोर फोसावनाय आरो फरायनायनि थावनि (Platform) I
2. Brainly: फरायसा, फोरोंगिरि आरो बिमा-बिफा (guardian) फोरनि मोनसे सोलोंथायनि Network.
3. Wikipedia: Wikipedia खौ जों बेसेननाङै online encyclopedia बुंनो हायो I जेरै गांसे  encyclopedia बिजाबआव जों दंनायमानि आयदानि सुंद’यैब्लाबो गियान मोन्नो हायो बेबादिनो Wikipedia आव जों गासै आयदानि सायाव सुंद’ खौरां मोन्नो हायो I
4. Webopedia: Information Technology Professional फोरनि अनलाइन सोदोब बाख्रि I
5. Slideshare: गुबुन गुबुन आयदाफोरनि सायाव सुजुनाय  Article आरो Presentation (PPT) फोर फोसावनायनि थावनि I
6. UnAcademy: गुबुन गुबुन आनजादफोर जेरै – UPSC, NET, CAT, GATE बायदि बायदि आनजादफोरनि सायाव सोलोंथाय लानो हायो I

बेफोरनि अनगायैबो माखासे सरकारजों सामलायजानाय फर्टेलफोर दं, जेराव जों जोंनि माखासे फरा फारियाव थानाय बिजाब आरो नटसफोरखौ बुथुमनो आरो फरायनो हायो I बेफोर जाबाय:

1. Epathsala
2. EPGpatsala
3. Digital Library of India
4. Shadhganga
5. Swayam
6. Swayam Probha
7. National Digital Library of India
8. INFLIPNET; बायदि बायदिफोरा मुंदांखा आरो बयजोंबो अनसायजानाय I

आथिखाल मुगायाव इन्टारनेत आरो कम्फिउटारनि गोनांथिखौ बुंनानै फोजोबनो हाया I सोरांजेननायनिफ्राय सान हाबजासिम सुबुं माहारिया बायदि-मैया हाबाफोराव इन्टारनेत आरो कम्फिउटार बाहायो I फरायसा, साक्रिमावगिरि आरो फालांगिरिफोरा इन्टारनेत आरो कम्फिउटारखौ गारनानै आगानसेबो आवगायनो हाया जाबोदों I फरायसाफोरनि फरायनाय, Project, Assignment बायदिफोरा गोबां फसंथानफोराव इन्टारनेत आरो कम्फिउटार बाहायनानै Email, Moodle, CMS, ERP फोरबादि Advance Technology नि गेजेरजों मावनांगौ जाबोदों I दिनैनि दिनाव सरकारि आरो बेसरकारि फसंथानफोर आरो फालांगिनि मिरुफोरा इन्टारनेत आरो कम्फिउटारनि अनगा सोलिनो हाया बुंब्लाबो बांद्राय बुंनाय जानाय नङा I बैफोरखौ नोजोर होनानै आरो सुबुं माहारिनि गाहामनि थाखाय बिगियानगिरिफोरा बायदि बायदि थांखिजों गोबां रोखोमनि Application Tools आरो Technology फोर सोरजिदों I बैफोरनि गेजेराव सचियेल मेडियाआबो मोनसे I जाय सुबुंनि सामफ्रोमबोनि जिउआव गोबां गोहोम खोख्लैबोदों I मुलुगनि सुबुंफोरखौ मोखां गेवहोदों I नखरसे खालामना होदों I